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Primary Lymphedema: Prodigal Son of Lymphatic Malformation

REFERENCES

  1. Lee BB: Lymphedema-Angiodysplasia Syndrome: a Prodigal form of Lymphatic Malformation (LM). Phlebolymphology, 47:324-332, 2005.
  2. Lee BB, Kim YW, Seo JM, Hwang JH, Do YS, Kim DI, Byun HS, Lee SK, Huh SH, Hyun WS: Current concepts in lymphatic malformation (LM). J Vasc Endovasc Surg 39(1) 67-81, 2005.
  3. Lee BB: Current issue in management of chronic lymphedema: Personal Reflection on an Experience with 1065 Patients. Commentary, Lymphology 38 (2005): 28 -31.
  4. Lee BB: Chronic lymphedema, no more stepchild to modern medicine! Eur J Lymphol, 14 (42):6-12, 2004.
  5. Lee BB: Lymphatic Malformation, Pages 31-42, Chapter 4, Lymphedema-Diagnosis and Treatment. Tredbar, Morgan, Lee, Simonian, Blondeau (eds). Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008.
  6. Lee BB: Lymphoedeme post-chirurgical: un terme frappe d’interdiction pour les chirurgiens. Angeiologie 56(4): 7 – 8, 2004.
  7. Lee BB, Andrade M, Bergan J, Boccardo F, Campisi C, Damstra R, Flour M, Gloviczki P, Laredo J, Piller N, Michelini S, Mortimer P, Villavicencio JL : Diagnosis and treatment of Primary Lymphedema – Consensus Document of the International Union of Phlebology (IUP)-2009. International Angiology 2010 Oct;29(5):454-70.
  8. Lee BB, Villavicencio JL: Primary Lymphedema and Lymphatic Malformation:  are they the two sides of the same coin

    ? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg (2010) 39:646-653

  9. Lee BB, Kim HH, Mattassi R, Yakes W, Loose D, G. Tasnadi. A new approach to the congenital vascular malformation with a new concept: how the pioneer Prof. Stefan Belov enlightened us through the Seoul consensus. Int J Angiol 12:248-251, 2003.

10.  Lee BB, Mattassi R, Loose D, Yakes W, Tasnadi G, Kim HH: Consensus on Controversial Issues in Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Vascular Malformation– Seoul Communication –. Int J Angiol, 2004 ; 13(4): 182-192

11.  Lee BB, Laredo J, Seo JM, Neville R: Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations. Mattassi, Loose, Vaghi (eds) Chapter 29, Treatment of Lymphatic Malformations. Pages 231-250. Springer-Verlag Italia, 2009, Milan, Italy.

12.  Lee BB, Laredo J, Lee TS, Huh S, Neville R. Terminology and classification of congenital vascular malformations. Phlebology. 2007; 22(6):249-52.

13.  Lee BB, Villavicencio L: Chapter 68. General Considerations. Congenital Vascular Malformations.

and prometrium

Section 9. Arteriovenous Anomalies. Pages 1046-1064. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery. 7th Edition. Cronenwett JL and Johnston KW, Eds. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 2010

14.  Lee, BB, Kim, YW, Kim, DI, Hwang JH, Laredo, J and Neville, R: Supplemental surgical treatment to end stage (stage IV –V) of chronic lymphedema. Int Angiol. 2008 Oct; 27(5):389-95.

15.  Lee BB: Surgical Management of Lymphedema, Pages 55-63, Chapter 6, Lymphedema-Diagnosis and Treatment. Tredbar, Morgan, Lee, Simonian, Blondeau (eds) Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008.

16.  Lee BB, Bergan, JJ: New Clinical and Laboratory Staging Systems to Improve Management of Chronic Lymphedema. Lymphology 38 (3):122-129, 2005.

17.  Lee BB. Do YS, Byun HS, Choo IW, Kim DI, Huh SH: Advanced management of venous malformation (VM) with ethanol sclerotherapy: mid-term results. J Vasc Surg 37(3):533-8, 2003.

18.  Lee BB, Bergan J. Gloviczki P, Laredo J, Loose DA, Mattassi R, Parsi K, Villavicencio JL, Zamboni P: Diagnosis and treatment of venous malformations – Consensus Document of the International Union of Phlebology (IUP)-2009. International Angiology 2009 December;28(6):434-51.

19.  Lee, B.B., Laredo, J., Deaton, D.H., and Neville, R.F. Arteriovenous malformations:  evaluation and treatment. Pages 583-593, Chapter 53, Handbook of Venous Disorders:  Guidelines of the American Venous Forum, 3rd Edition; Gloviczki, P., Ed; A Hodder Arnold: London, UK. 2009.

20.  Lee BB, Lardeo J, Neville R. Arterio-venous malformation: how much do we know? Phlebology 2009;24:193-200

Table 1. Hamburg Classification of Congenital Vascular Malformation (CVM), modified*

Main classification based on its predominant vascular component:

Arterial  malformation

Venous malformation

AV (arteriovenous) shunting malformation

Lymphatic  malformation

Capillary malformation

Combined vascular malformation

Embryological subclassification:

Extratruncular forms – developmental arrest at the earlier stages of embryonal life:

Diffuse, infiltrating

Limited, localized

Truncular forms – developmental arrest at the later stages of embryonal life:

Obstruction & Stenosis

Hypoplasia; Aplasia; Hyperplasia

Membrane; Congenital spur; Web

Dilatation

Localized (aneurysm)

Diffuse (ectasia)

* Both extratruncular and truncular forms may exist together in same vascular malformation; may be combined with other various malformations (e.g. capillary, arterial, AV shunting, venous, hemolymphatic and/or lymphatic); and/or may exist with hemangioma.

* Based on the consensus on the CVM classification through the international workshop in Hamburg, Germany, 1988, which was upheld by subsequently founded ISSVA (International Society for Vascular Anomaly).

This entry was posted on 8 February 2011 at 22:27 and is filed under B. B. (Byung-Boong) Lee, Lymphoedema. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.

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